July 12, 2009

Q&A: Garnishment Worry

Q: We are behind on our mortgage (seems everyone we know is) but hope to work something out with the bank so we can keep our home. I am still working but now get fewer than 30 hours some weeks. My husband has been laid off indefinitely since January of 2009. We still have some money in a 401K and worry that the bank will either take money from the 401K or get permission to garnish my paycheck. We can hardly manage groceries and utilities now. We would be in dire straits if they did that. Can a lender garnish your check or 401K?

A: A lender does not have the right to garnish your paycheck/attach a 401K until AFTER you have lost the home to foreclosure OR given it back through deed-in-lieu AND they have gone into court and gotten a “deficiency judgment” which indicates they are entitled to additional funds since the re-sale of the property did not cover the entire amount you owed them. Once they have taken this legal step they will be able to use the judgment as proof of the financial obligation. Then they can ask an employer to garnish wages based on the judgment.

Individual state law will determine how long a lender has to file for a deficiency judgment. Additionally, the type of loan and other guidelines may preclude a lender being able to acquire a deficiency judgment. (i.e. FHA regulations prohibit the lender going for a deficiency judgment IF the borrower attempted, in good faith, a short sale prior to the foreclosure.) I hope this helps to ease your mind that you don’t have to worry about just being ‘surprised’ that they have taken part of your paycheck or the 401K. It can’t happen without you having notice well in advance.

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(Please E-mail Heather at homeownershipmatters@gmail.com with any questions, comments or concerns you might have! We appreciate all comments and feedback, so please don't be shy.)

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